Signal dropouts (signal strength 30% - is this too low?)

So you are postulating two faults not one.
I would.
I start from the premise there is one fault to explain all the symptoms, it is unusual for there to be two independent faults (unless perhaps the pass-through fault has been there for a long time).
If it has been damaged by e.g. lightning, then it is more than possible for there to be two faults.
Why do satellite TV circles use "transponder" at all? They're not transponders from the user's point of view (or even a technical point of view) - I take "transponder" as meaning a device which responds to a received command by transmitting a response which is not the same as the stimulus. Something which simply passes on what it receives is a repeater.
I disagree. A satellite transponder does a frequency and polarisation change on what it receives, amplifies and re-transmits. This is not a repeater. The response is different to the stimulus, although the information content is identical.
 
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