I thought that's what I'd seen somewhere.
I don't know the mechanics of this, so some - possibly rhetorical - questions. Does the cable plug into the charging socket, in which case the charging management system may allow current out? Or is it a separate socket? Do you need to "click to accept" inside the car for the transfer to happen? (I'd hope so - otherwise stealing electricity would be possible.)
Re: EVs providing 240V for your equipment or home
Sorry - I know it's a bit of an old post to reply to, but the main technologies at play, gradually appearing are:
- V2L - Vehicle to load
- V2G - Vehicle to grid
- V2H - Vehicle to home
The first is easy, since the idea is that you are just providing a supply to some isolated equipment, just a substitute for say a conventional generator. The typical power available is around 3.6kW (~220V at 16A). If there is an adaptor to a standard UK 13A socket, then you can't quite reach 3.6kW because of the 13A limit.
My car pre-dates these sort of things, so I've not got very informed on it. I expect there are adaptors to the common "commando" 16A plugs, which will handle 16A.
All EVs already have a lump of electronics called the "invertor" whose purpose is to take the DC battery voltage and turn it into suitable AC to drive the electric motor. It is very agile at producing any frequency and any power to make the wheels go round at the required speed. Producing a static 50Hz frequency 220V is it doing a very un-taxing task, close to driving the car along at a fairly low speed power-wise but with a precise 50Hz frequency.
The extra "gubbings" to make this happen over a car like mine without it must be to have the software to set the inverter into this state, on demand. It can only do this if the car is stationary and some relays to swing the AC output away from the motor and to feed back along the same live & neutral of the charge port.
There's no way that someone could just open the charge flap and connect because the car has to be in a specific V2L state where the software is commanding the inverter to "make" domestic mains and to route it onto the live and neutral to/from the charge port.
In a non V2L capable car, the live & neutral mains that is fed in via the socket goes to the "On Board Charger". It is just power into a set of charging electronics to make DC to charge the DC battery. Nothing can flow back, just like power applied to an ordinary 12V car battery charger or a phone charger. Because there is some signalling and electronics to control how much current the car is able to take (from a 22kW or 11kW or 7kW AC mains... or even less), the car can also control how much current it consumes to stay within the capability of the "charger" or the cable ('cos some cables are 32A and some 16A)
So from the perspective of a wannabe power thief:
Even if the charge flap is not locked, there is no mains connected to the AC mains part of the power-port, there is no 400V battery DC connected to the fat pins which are used for rapid DC charging because they get isolated for safety.
To make power appear on the socket you would have to have got into the car, powered-up and switched to V2L mode. You would also need the right sort of adaptor connected to the outside power socket (the right value resistor between two pins) to signal that power can be sent to the socket.
Sorry, I'm not allowed to post external links, so a bit of hand editing is required on these (remove the extra spaces):
h t t p s : / / www .electriccarscheme.com/blog/v2l-vehicle-to-load-explained
h t t p s : / / www .kia.com/uk/electric-hybrid-cars/technology/vehicle-to-load/
The vehicle to Grid and vehicle to Home are much more complicated scenarios because there are similar safety concerns as apply to home solar and battery installations. It can't be done in such a way that power could potentially flow from your powered-up home back along the distribution cable to electrocute the energy company linesman trying to fix the broken cable. If your home is (or can be) isolated (like battery+solar) then Vehicle-to-Home is possible - I have no idea what signalling is done, but I expect this is meant to be with the car connected and ready to just jump in and supply power in fractions of a second if the mains goes away, integrated with other electronics isolating the home from its grid supply.
As I understand it, V2G means sitting on the mains, running in phase with the grid supply. More to the point, there's a whole world to cleverness with public/private key certificates flying around for control and payment. It looks to me a little bit like the handling of what is called "Plug and Charge", where you can turn up at a rapid charger, plug the cable into your car like putting the petrol nozzle into the filler, the car then does some negotiation via the charger, to an intermediary which knows the car, trusts the identification, knows the billing arrangements for that identity and so charging "j
ust" starts and you get billed... no contactless payment, no RFID, no app!
It is all a bit of a palarva behind the scenes, so as to make it easy for the driver, but so far only some cars and charge point operators have got it working... but it is the future.
Some of that technology appears to rear its head in achieving V2G, I discovered that doing a bit of research in the last 30 mins and found this Dutch document about it
h t t p s : / / elaad .nl/wp-content/uploads/downloads/V2G-Implementation-Guide-2025.pdf (even I only skimmed it!)
When it comes to things like "Plug and Charge" the user's life has been simplified, but the back-end software services have become complicated. A work acquaintance once told me that there's a rule: complexity is a bit like energy, complexity is always conserved, you can't eliminate it, you can only move it around!